Question of Authorship Essay Example for Free

Question of Authorship Essay For as long as five decades, the universe of writing has come to adore the extraordinary works of one man. The colossal commitment of Shakespeare in Literature stays unrivaled. The sheer volume of the plays and works he had composed remain neglected, and the nature of its specialty stays unequaled. To such an extent, that there is likely nobody possessing this world who hasn’t the information on the extraordinary essayist. Nobody moves on from school without having the experience of Shakespeare in their instruction: his plays are praised through arranging and his works are the subject of study in, and even outside of, Literature classes. Additionally, the festival of Shakespeare and his works are not restricted to the limits of training. Dramatic organizations gain a sizeable extent of their benefits in arranging Shakespeare’s five-exceptionally old works. Distributing organizations advantage to a great extent in the a huge number of hardbound duplicates they have printed of Shakespeare’s works, and the writing he and his works have propelled. With the image that has been painted, we can perceive how persuasive and how large a column Shakespeare is in Literature. Nonetheless, except for abstract researchers, very few individuals know about the issue that has encircled Shakespeare’s origin of the works that have been professed to be his since the time man can recollect. William Shakespeare of Stratford has consistently been viewed as the man who composed the godlike plays and pieces. In any case, since the time hypotheses have begun to emerge, different names have likewise mushroomed through the examinations of researchers who guarantee that these names are the ones which we ought to celebrate, and not that of the specialist William Shakespeare of Stratford. The hypotheses began when Alexander Pope brought to the consideration of perusers the genuineness of the attribution to Shakespeare in some of his works. Pope assaulted Shakespeare’s on the validity of works that had been avoided from the 1623 Folio, an assortment of Shakespeare’s most convincing works. His reactions made in the seventeenth century kept on impacting the ages that followed as for their sentiment on the issue. Basically however, what has disrupted pundits are the disharmony in his the encounters and training got by a venue man in Stratford and the quality and substance of the works he supposedly created, as expressed by one source, â€Å"The work ascribed to Shakespeare shows an information on topography, unknown dialect, governmental issues, and an enormous jargon that many find conflicting with what’s thought about Shakespeare’s education,† (Lanciai). Initiation Majority of the examinations were done through a recorded perspective. In the event that we investigate history during the time Shakespeare composed his plays, we would discover how creation was seen as inconsequential, even ill-conceived, in the composition of the book. As indicated by another source, customary accounts that present the Middle Ages as a ‘golden age’ of imitation for which inquiries of creation and realness were immaterial (King). What set off this was the failure of beginner essayists (particularly individuals of rank) to distribute their own name in their works under the system of Queen Elizabeth. A noble man of rank couldn't distribute under his own name in case he be associated with having a calling. This strategy was followed, and authors of rank either coursed their work secretly or they utilized nom de plumes (Lanciai Christian). Additionally, the theater business during Shakespeare’s time was an unsurveyable network (Lanciai). It thusly follows that while theater was a significant industry of the time, it is extremely testing to inspect crafted by the business. These reasons at last lead to the turning gray of the follow to the genuine creation of the works credited to Shakespeare. Why not Shakespeare? It has been referenced in this paper the theater business was an unsurveyable network during Shakespeare’s time. A snippet of data that is known however is that the proprietors of the auditoriums were mutually possessed by the entertainers, as per Lanciai’s article. Just the excellent ascent in the business, and William Shakespeare was one of them, as he was a practiced industrialist of those occasions. Along these lines, we can infer that Shakespeare the agent was an individual considered of rank in his age. On the off chance that we recall the standard that was forced on journalists of rank, another source contended subsequently: â€Å"If Shakespeare was a respectable man of rank, at that point William Shakespeare would he be able to his genuine name. Conversely, the William Shakespeare who was a play-dealer, part proprietor of an acting organization, and occupant of Stratford just as London would have been in a decent situation to utilize and fitting work composed by an unknown high-conceived author,† (Price, Diana). How Shakespeare was seen The man’s (Shakespeare of Stratford) social and expert situation being referred to was portrayed by Pope as this: â€Å"He writ to the People; and writ from the outset without support from the better sort, and accordingly without points of satisfying them: without help or guidance from the Learned, as without the benefit of instruction or associate among them: [and] without the information on the best models, the Ancients, to motivate him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From this depiction, King deduced that Pope respected the discourse of the entertainers in his functions as â€Å"bad conversations†, and that he was just ready to pull off this on account of the Court support. Additionally, he had drawn from the statement that the nature of Shakespeare’s sensational composing improved in direct extent to his degree of social and phonetic contact with ‘the better sort’. With this we would already be able to perceive how Pope has de-justified Shakespeare from the degree of scholarly virtuoso which has consistently been related to his name. It likewise obvious that Pope regarded Shakespeare of this position due to the social position he was in, as per a similar article, Shakespeare’s social sullying by his second rate partners and discussion accomplices added to the de-justifying. A contention from another creator upheld Pope’s claims when another creator stated, â€Å"It gives the idea that Shakespeare of Stratford was very little regarded (or loved) while Shakespeare the creator was† (Price). The opposite side of Shakespeare of Stratford that Pope brought up in agrees with the information on the creator. As indicated by Price’s book, Shakespeare of Stratford was recognized by contemporary records as a cash moneylender, play-intermediary, wheeler-vendor, opportunist, and at some point entertainer. No peers of Shakespeare called him as a creator, not individuals from his locale. What likewise fortifies this contention is the absence of enduring archives composed by him which have any abstract essentialness (Price). Beside these, what’s additionally upsetting for researchers is the way that the will left by Shakespeare didn't make reference to of any books that he possessed. In Elizabethan period, books were viewed as significant things and in this way were to be passed on to family members or individual scholars. His passing likewise talked about his legitimacy as a commended present day dramatist in his time. In contrast to different writers, his passing didn't mix any open notification. Add to that the issue achieved the will he abandoned, these things make many individuals wonder about his legitimacy as an author. It appears that his will was the main hint of Shakespeare’s scholarly works. A man named Reverend James Wilmot was said to have looked through all of Warwickshire to search for any bit of proof that would introduce Shakespeare’s scholarly action. Reverend Wilmot didn't discover any tale, letter, report or any keepsake (Lanciai). Unquestionably, any individual who is professed to be an author will have volumes of compositions in his home, or any bit of composing whatsoever. The article additionally clarified that Reverend Wilmot’s disclosure drove him to infer that Shakespeare truly should have another author. His instruction additionally demonstrated only remarkable. As indicated by Price’s book additionally, the agent from Stratford just obtained a punctuation school training all things considered. While conceivable, it is hard to accept that an individual of such instructive fulfillment could deliver the degree of keenness and development found in his works. It is practically certain when one makes the case that Shakespeare’s works have molded the manner in which English dramatizations are to be composed, as put by another source, â€Å"He makes and sets up the English section show, he progressively forms the English show into the structure which in this way and perpetually turns into the Shakespeare standard (Leahy, William). † This specific essayist is unified with the pundits who says it is unimaginable that these works of extraordinary quality could have been delivered by a man with minimal instructive foundation. Leahy included his article, â€Å"It’s not likely that Shakespeare could ace this structure straightforwardly without preliminary work in such a practiced demonstrable skill which is as of now apparent in the main Shakespeare dramatizations. † What made him state this is because of his non-existent instruction and absence of experience of Cambridge, France, and Italy. Beside this, Price includes how researchers call attention to that his insight into a few unknown dialects is regarded questionable. The article clarified that there is no sign that Shakespeare knew any dialects other than English, or that he at any point left England. The error between the pictures of the two people has fuelled the discussions for the genuineness of the representative from Stratford’s creation in the Shakespearian works. The Real Shakespeare Among the various series of charges and hypotheses in regards to Shakespeare of Stratford’s legitimacy to asserting creation to a num

Itt221 Week 1 Research Assignment Part 1 Free Essays

Research Assignment, Part One Brandon Kelly IT221 †E-2 Fall 2011 Instructor: Stephen Todd 12-17-2011 Question 1 †Why does Windows Server 2008 come in various forms? What is the essentialness of every variant? Most releases of Windows Server 2008 are accessible in x86-64 and IA-32 forms. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems bolsters IA-64 processors. Microsoft has streamlined the IA-64 rendition for high-outstanding task at hand situations like database servers and Line of Business (LOB) applications. We will compose a custom article test on Itt221 Week 1 Research Assignment Part 1 or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now As such it isn't improved for use as a document server or media server. Microsoft has declared that Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-piece Windows server working framework. Windows Server 2008 is accessible in the releases recorded underneath, like Windows Server 2003. †¢ Windows Server 2008 Standard (IA-32 and x86-64) Windows Server 2008 Standard is one of Microsoft’s section level server contributions (nearby Windows Web Server 2008) and is one of the most affordable of the different releases accessible. Both 32-piece and 64-piece forms are accessible, and as far as equipment Standard Edition bolsters up to 4GB of RAM and 4 processors. Windows Server 2008 is essentially focused on and little and moderate sized organizations (SMBs) and is perfect for giving space, web, DNS, remote access, print, record and application administrations. Backing for grouping, be that as it may, is quite missing from this version. An update way to Windows Server 2008 Standard is accessible from Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition. †¢ Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (IA-32 and x86-64) Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition gives more noteworthy usefulness and adaptability than the Standard Edition. Similarly as with Standard Edition both 32-piece and 64-piece adaptations are accessible. Improvements incorporate help for upwards of 8 processors and up to 64GB of RAM on 32-piece frameworks and 2TB of RAM on 64-piece frameworks. Extra highlights of the Enterprise release incorporate help for groups of up to 8 hubs and Active Directory Federated Services (AD FS). Windows Server 2000, Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition and Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition may all be moved up to Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition. †¢ Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (IA-32 and x86-64) The Datacenter version speaks to the top finish of the Windows Server 2008 item go and is focused at strategic endeavors requiring soundness and high uptime levels. Windows Server 2008 Datacenter version is attached near the hidden equipment through the execution of custom Hardware Abstraction Layers (HAL). Accordingly, it is at present just conceivable to get Datacenter release as a feature of an equipment buy. Similarly as with different adaptations, the Datacenter release is accessible in 32-piece and 64-piece forms and supports 64GB of RAM on 32-piece frameworks and up to 2TB of RAM on 64-piece frameworks. Moreover, this version underpins at least 8 processors up to a limit of 64. Overhaul ways to Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition are accessible from the Datacenter releases of Windows 2000 and 2003. †¢ Windows HPC Server 2008 (Codenamed â€Å"Socrates†) (supplanting Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003) Windows HPC Server 2008 R2, the Microsoft third-age HPC arrangement, gives a thorough and financially savvy answer for saddling the intensity of elite figuring. Out-of-the-crate, world-class execution, and versatility empower associations of all sizes to quickly convey arrangements going from individual HPC workstations to huge bunches spreading over a huge number of hubs. Clients can bring down both their working and capital expenses. Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 incorporates effectively with existing IT foundation to empower end clients to get to HPC assets utilizing natural Windows-based innovations. With a firmly incorporated arrangement of committed bunch and equal improvement instruments, tied down around Visual Studio 2010, designers can manufacture powerful and adaptable HPC applications effectively and rapidly. Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 is supplemented by a rich biological system of SI, ISV, and OEM accomplices to guarantee that clients approach their preferred uses and the assets required to effectively run them. †¢ Windows Web Server 2008 (IA-32 and x86-64) Windows Web Server 2008 is basically a rendition of Windows Server 2008 structured fundamentally to give web administrations. It incorporates Internet Information Services (IIS) 7. 0 alongside related administrations, for example, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Telnet. It is accessible in 32-piece and 64-piece forms and supports up to 4 processors. Slam is constrained to 4GB and 32GB on 32-piece and 64-piece frameworks separately. Windows Web Server 2008 needs a considerable lot of the highlights present in different releases, for example, grouping, BitLocker drive encryption, multipath I/O, Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS), Removable Storage Management and SAN Management †¢ Windows Storage Server 2008 (Codenamed â€Å"Magni†) (IA-32 and x86-64) Minimal data found. †¢ Windows Small Business Server 2008 (Codenamed â€Å"Cougar†) (x86-64) for independent ventures Minimal data found. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-Based Systems conveys a venture class stage for sending business-basic applications. Scale database, line-of-business, and custom applications to meet developing business needs. Windows Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2008 R2 and the current 2010 line-up of our Developer Tools, in addition to related . NET structures, will be the last emphasess in every product offering to help the Intel Itanium processor and related OEM server stages. Windows Server 2008 Foundation (Codenamed â€Å"Lima†) Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation is a practical, passage level innovation establishment focused at entrepreneurs and IT generalists supporting independent ventures. Establishment is a reasonable, simple to-send, demonstrated, and solid innovation that gives associations the establishment to maintain the most predominant business applications just as offer data and assets. Server Core is accessible in the Web, Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter versions. It isn't accessible in the Itanium version. Server Core is basically an other establishment alternative upheld by a portion of the versions, and not a different release without anyone else. Every design has a different establishment DVD. The 32-piece form of Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition is accessible to confirmed understudies for nothing through Microsoft’s DreamSpark program. Question 2 †What are the new highlights or improvements made to Windows Server 2008? How is Windows Server 2008 not the same as Windows Server 2003? Center OS enhancements †¢ Fully multi-componentized working framework. †¢ Improved hot fixing, an element that permits non-piece patches to happen without the requirement for a reboot. Backing for being booted from Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)- agreeable firmware on x86-64 frameworks. †¢ Dynamic Hardware Partitioning o Support for the hot-expansion or substitution of processors and memory, on proficient equipment. Dynamic Directory enhancements †¢ Read-just spac e controllers (RODCs) in Active Directory, planned for use in branch office or different situations where an area controller may dwell in a low physical security condition. The RODC holds a non-writeable duplicate of Active Directory, and diverts all compose endeavors to a Full Domain Controller. It repeats all records with the exception of touchy ones. reference needed][clarification needed] In RODC mode, accreditations are not reserved as a matter of course. Besides, just the replication accomplice of the RODC needs to run Windows Server 2008. [clarification needed] Also, neighborhood overseers can sign on to the machine to perform support errands without requiring regulatory rights on the area. †¢ Restartable Active Directory permits ADDS to be halted and restarted from the Management Console or the order line without rebooting the space controller. This lessens personal time for disconnected tasks and decreases in general DC overhauling necessities with Server Core. Includes is executed as a Domain Controller Service in Windows Server 2008. Arrangement related enhancements †¢ All of the Group Policy upgrades from Windows Vista are incorporated. Gathering Policy Management Console (GPMC) is implicit. The Group Policy objects are recorded for look and can be remarked on. †¢ Policy-based systems administration with Network Access Protection, improved branch the board and upgraded end client joint effort. Approaches can be made to guarantee more prominent Quality of Service for specific applications or administrations that require prioritization of system data transfer capacity among customer and server. Granular secret key settings inside a solitary space †capacity to actualize distinctive secret phrase approaches for authoritative records on a â€Å"group† and â€Å"user† premise, rather than a solitary arrangement of secret phrase settings to the entire area. Plate the executives and record stockpiling upgrades †¢ The capacity to resize hard circle parcels ceaselessly the server, even the framework segment. This applies just to straightforward and spread over volumes, not to striped volumes. †¢ Shadow Copy based square level reinforcement which bolsters optical media, arrange offers and Windows Recovery Environment. DFS improvements †SYSVOL on DFS-R, Read-just Folder Replication Member. There is additionally support for area based DFS namespaces that surpass the past size proposal of 5,000 envelopes with focuses in a namespace. †¢ Several enhancements to Failover Clustering (High-accessibility groups). †¢ Internet Storage Naming Server (iSNS) empowers focal enrollment, deregistration and queri

Change using frame theory of Kurt Lewin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change utilizing outline hypothesis of Kurt Lewin - Essay Example These stages are unfreezing, development, and refreezing stages. Unfreezing is the phase when the individual requiring the progressions acknowledges and acknowledges that the change is required. In the phase of development, the reasonable methodologies and measures are concluded that would really realize the adjustments in the required, guaranteeing that the main thrusts can decidedly impact the individual towards the change (Marquis and Huston, 2009, pp.167-169). The last stage is the refreezing stage where the change balances out the framework and thus the change gets incorporated into the life of the individual. Without this stage, the change would stay insufficient (Marquis and Huston, 2009, pp.167-169). The investigation of Lewin was centered around a profound comprehension of the psyche of the people and their characters. This is especially appropriate as to the way that the elements that impact people shift from individual to individual and henceforth comprehension of such main thrusts should be recognized (Friedman, 2008, p.238). This specific hypothesis would empower to realize change in the individual, state ABC, discussed in this investigation where the accompanying advances would be thought of. Stage 1: Unfreezing: In this progression, ABC will be attempted to be imparted and seen how overweight and hypertension are destructive for the wellbeing, and that control on these elements is basic. The negative impacts of frozen yogurt, cheddar cake and substantial suppers will likewise be disclosed to him. Stage 2: Movement: In this progression the stage 1 will be performed with the assistance of the main thrusts of ABC. The significant main impetuses of ABC are his family and his sweetheart. Along these lines his relatives and his sweetheart should step up to the plate and continually converse with him about how he can emphatically impact his life staying away from the overwhelming suppers and desserts. This can be accomplished through contribution him with other sound nourishments and propensities, for example, works out, visits, visits to better places that he would appreciate and not enjoy awful

Essay on Pips Development Through Character Interactions

Throughout Dickens’ novel Great Expectations, the character, personality, and social beliefs of Pip undergo complete transformations as he interacts with an ever-changing pool of characters presented in the book. Pip’s moral values remain more or less constant at the beginning and the end; however, it is evident that in the time between, the years of his maturation and coming of adulthood, he is fledgling to find his place in society. Although Pip is influenced by many characters throughout the novel, his two most influential role models are: Estella, the object of Miss Havisham’s revenge against men, and Magwitch, the benevolent convict. Exposing himself to such diverse characters Pip has to learn to discern right from wrong and chose†¦show more content†¦Estella lives in the Manor House with her adoptive mother Miss Havisham who has raised her up as a tool to be used to break men’s hearts. Although she constantly insults and makes fun of Pip, he falls in love with her. This love for her makes Pip vulnerable to any and every little insult that comes out of her mouth and Pip puts to heart everything she says. So, when she says, He calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy!...And what course hands he has! And what thick boots! he takes it to heart (Dickens 105). It is at this point that Pip begins to feel ashamed of his uneducated family, and longs to become a gentleman. Due to Estella’s cold-hearted character and her arrogant personality, Pip is made to feel that he stands no chance with her. Even more dangerous is her destructive influence on Pip which makes him strive to become a gentleman no matter the cost. Rather than being surrounded by people such as Estella who do nothing but put Pip’s character down, he should surround himself with supportive and encouraging individuals who are always there for him and appreciate his unique personality. This is what causes growth in a person. With a beautiful angelic face and a cold-heart Estella serves an important role as Pip’s love interest in the story. Although she is everything that Pip should never want in a friend, that doesn’t stop him from loving her. In the novel, Estella is an important character in both the literal and figurativeShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 PagesCommonly, a novel is either a plot driven novel, a character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginningRead MoreEssay on Great Expectations: A Character-Driven Novel1334 Words   |   6 PagesGreat Expectations: A Character-Driven Novel The novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is heavily a character-driven novel due to the fact that the sequence of events in the novel are causes and effects of the actions of the characters as well as the interactions between them. The novel mainly depicts the growth and development of an orphan named Pip, who is greatly influenced by the other characters and became a gentleman and a bachelor in the end of the novel through his encounters withRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dicken1764 Words   |  8 PagesGreat Expectations there is a wide diverse cast of characters who play different significant roles that affect the character development of Pip. One of the unsung heroes throughout the book, that’s role can be often overlooked is Herbert Pocket. At first glance, it can seem as if Herbert does not have as much of an influence on Pip as he tends to blend into the background, along with the fact that at different points can compare to other minor characters that only show up when they are needed to helpRead MoreAnalysing the Female Characters in Henry James Fiction Essay3987 Words   |  16 PagesAnalysing the Female Characters in Henry James Fiction ‘A woman it seems to me has no natural place anywhere; wherever she finds herself, she has to remain on the surface and more or less to control’ Discuss James’ representations of ‘places’ for women in his novels. There is an impressive range of female characters in Henry James’ fiction. Drawn to the world of wealth and leisure as a subject

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Legacies Of Our Lives By Wes Moore Essay - 1440 Words

Legacies of Our Lives Would you be able to hurdle multiple obstacles to achieve your American dream? In The Other Wes Moore One Name, Two Fates the author Wes Moore tells the story about another Wes Moore and about himself. Both go through their own struggle in life. The other Wes Moore lives in Baltimore and gets arrested four times throughout the story. He gets arrested for stabbing someone, selling drugs, shooting his gun at someone, and robbing a jewelry store. Throughout the whole story the other Wes was poor so he resorted to selling drugs to buy designer clothes. He has four kids and two baby mommas. After he got arrested the third time he entered a labor readiness program which allowed him to obtain his GED and finished at the top of his class. However, the money he was making doing a legitimate job wasn’t making enough for him and ended up robbing a jewelry store with his brother. They ended up getting caught and he got sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Wes Moore the author chooses a different path though. He started out by moving to the Bronx in a drug filled neighborhood. His mom wanted him to succeed so bad that she sent him to a private school. He wasn’t doing too well there so she ended up sending him to a military school. Wes wasn’t doing too good there either until one night he called his mom and they talked about the sacrifices her and her parents made to keep him at that school. Wes changed for good from that pointShow MoreRelatedThe Other Wes Moore : Two Fates980 Words   |  4 Pagessay that we are all conditioned a certain way by our environment and that as much as we hope to, we can’t choose our own destiny. As well, many others might think quite the opposite; they may think that people’s own free will and determination will decide people’s destiny. The choices we make and the relationships we build are the driving force behind how we develop as people, but how much of an impac t does our environment have on us while we move ahead in life. The book â€Å"The Other Wes Moore One NameRead MoreThe Other Wes Moore Double Entry Journal1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe Other Wes Moore Double Entry Journal Note Taking Note Making Entry #1: â€Å"That is one of only two memories I have of my father. The other was when I watched him die† (Moore 11). In this quote, narrator Wes Moore is describing one of the only moments he remembers with his father, a positive one where his father protected him and guided him to making better choices. However Moore also foreshadows a tragic and life-changing event, the death of his father due to an acute epiglottitis. 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Carrefours failure in Singapore free essay sample

In November 2012, France-based Carrefour SA (Carrefour), the second largest retailer in the world and the pioneer of the hypermarket concept in Singapore, closed down its two megastores in Suntec and Plaza Singapura, marking Carrefours exit from the Singapore retail market. According to the company’s statement, Carrefour Singapore had decided to quit, as â€Å"expansion and growth perspectives do not allow reaching a leadership position in the medium and long term†. Ho Sue Yuin A0088564N 2. 0 Complications faced by Carrefour in Singapore The main problems encountered by Carrefour while expanding its market in Singapore include low growth in sales, ambiguous consumer preference, limited space and loss of focus due to handling of main operations in Europe. 2. 1 Tough competition in a saturated market A hypermarket is a one-stop shop that combines a supermarket and department store and hence offers a wide range of products. As a pioneer of the hypermarkets in Singapore, Carrefour stores initially managed to attract customers who preferred convenience due to busy work schedules in this rapidly growing country. Singaporeans were excited to shop at a place that offered both groceries and general merchandise such as electronics and furniture under one roof. However, competitors from both local and neighboring regions started to emerge fiercely and began to overtake Carrefour. Giant, originally from Malaysia, opened its first store in Singapore in 2000 and currently has nine outlets; NTUC FairPrice, which entered the market in 2006 with strong governmental support, has five stores now. Besides, grocery retailers like Cold Storage and Shop and Save; electronic retailers like Courts and Best Denki gave Carrefour a tough time gaining market share. 2. 2 Consumer preference shifted towards convenience and price Carrefour was successful in attracting customers in the beginning due to its new concept in Singapore, but it faced difficulty in retaining them. As the hype died down and more local players emerged, customers started to have more contemplations when choosing from the various shopping options available. According to Sonya Madeira (Madeira), managing partner, Rice Communications, the main reason for Carrefours failure in Singapore was low product differentiation, Low product differentiation means that shoppers can get similar products quite easily elsewhere, and so make purchase decisions based on convenience and price. Indeed, as more choices became available, customers tended to be more sensitive towards convenience and price. Letty Lee, director of retail services at CB Richard Ellis, also pointed out that â€Å"the convenience of supermarkets in suburban malls added to Carrefour’s woes†. 2. 3 Restricted space for Carrefour operations and customers’ storage As a hypermarket, Carrefour required large area for its operations – typically ranging from 6,500 to 7,400 square meters. It failed to open more stores in Singapore due to lack of space and high population density; even when there was space available, Carrefour always lost out to the local players who had stronger ties with developers; and thus have more advantages in negotiations with regards to leases. As a result, Carrefour’s stores were located at the major real estate sites in the main shopping areas, which in turn incurred substantial cost in rental. In Europe, where Carrefour’s main operations were, consumers tend to shop less frequently and purchase in large quantities, as they have no issues in goods storage. On the other hand, in Singapore where space is at a premium, consumers shop more regularly and hence have a liking for neighborhood stores due to accessibility and proximity. It was too troublesome for them to travel to Carrefour located in the center of the city, with heavy traffic and high parking fees. 2. 4 Complicated management issues faced by parent company With the appointment of the new Chief Executive Officer of Carrefour SA in France, Mr. Georges Plassat, attempts were made to restructure Carrefour’s operations and concentrate on its European markets. As analyzed by Mr Plassat, Carrefour’s overexpansion had left it with â€Å"insufficient funds to invest at home. † Carrefour also found it arduous to administer the process from the sourcing to the delivery to the stores. The systems required to manage such procurements are extremely complicated, especially for products in the fashion area, where variation and uneven demand became the main struggles. Hence as a part of its recovery plan, Carrefour decided to pull out of some markets, including Singapore, to raise cash for the ailing parent company. Allan Chia, head of the marketing program at UniSIM’s School of Business, suggested that Carrefour’s move in Singapore would likely help it streamline its operations and focus on its European markets. 3. 0 Recommendations for internationalization International growth is a high-risk but high-reward proposition, and it is essential for the growth of the world’s leading retailers like Carrefour. This section analyses the strategies used by Carrefour Singapore to handle the challenges and reasons of failure. Lessons learnt and suggestions proposed are then included for the reference of future companies to avoid similar mistakes made by Carrefour in order to achieve success in international expansions. 3. 1 Adopt a clear differentiation strategy that distinguishes itself from the competitors Retail market in Singapore was highly saturated and dominated by local players with a formidable presence. Carrefours competitors were spread across the country with hundreds of stores. While the product assortment was similar to other retailers’, Carrefour did not offer any distinct exclusivity in the products and services it offered. The prices were also slightly higher than the local rivals. Carrefour tried to tap onto the existing consumer phenomenon, whereby foreign brands were perceived as of the higher quality products and were previously more preferred by the locals due to rising affluence and brand awareness. However, local rivals could easily copy this approach with the ease of accessible resources and network distributions available due to globalization. To overcome this issue, Carrefour should recognize the existence of threat posed by the local competitors who had more competitive advantages such as better understanding of the local markets, extensive network of suppliers and partners, etc. Carrefour had to find a way to stand out and be different, by gaining a good reputation in a specific area or due to qualities possessed, to be perceived as the unique and outstanding hypermarket where customers would prefer over the other retailers. For example, the ability to provide high quality products, to offer low prices, to deliver excellent and personalized customer service, etc. My recommendation in this section is for Carrefour to look into after-sales service, as changes in price and quality of the products brought in from Europe would require a lot of time and mass modifications, which makes it more challenging to adjust in short term. The after-sales services proposed include online shopping, delivery of goods, appropriate â€Å"return and refund policy† and customer service or helpline. As it is a known fact that efficiency and convenience have become the top few priorities considered by Singaporeans when they do grocery shopping, online platform such as Internet website and mobile App could be developed to allow customers to browse through products in store, make orders and have the goods delivered to the doorstep. With this extra service provided, concerns with regards to traffic problems and inconvenience could be eliminated. A return and refund policy which allows consumers to change their minds and return undamaged goods within 7 days, could be introduced. This flexibility for the consumers would increase the chance of those who are undecided in purchasing the goods first and end up not returning. Good customer service and useful guidance, which is consistent before and after sales, could distinguish Carrefour from its rivals who act as mere intermediaries. I believe the above approaches, which revolved around exclusive and premium services, could generate consumer’s satisfaction and earn customer loyalty. This would allow Carrefour to position itself uniquely as one of the premium and then preferred hypermarkets for consumers to shop at. Adapt flexibly to local lifestyle and changes in the market Consumers from different regions respond differently to a firm’s operational strategies. Hence, localization is very important for an international company to have a firm spot in a saturated market like Singapore. Carrefour’s failure in penetrating the Singapore market has shown that local market dynamics has a potential to make good supply chain strategies impossible to operate. What works in France does not guarantee an equivalent success in Singapore as the market dynamics play an important role. Relevant evidence could be seen in the headquarter of Carrefour itself in France, when Lars Olofsson, the former Carrefour CEO, brought in an Englishman from Tesco to run French hypermarkets. He attempted to make Carrefour use English in its operations and for communication within the executives, but things did not work out well and critics were all over the place. His successor, Mr Plassat, who successfully turned the company over, made an important statement relating to localization, Ho Sue Yuin A0088564N 8 MNO 3303 Individual Assignment â€Å"When dealing with something as sensitive as the place people get their food, it’s important to be close to the local culture. † My recommendation here is to relook into the sales of the products Carrefour were selling in all aspects and make suitable amendments to cut off some product lines, remain only the promising Europe products, and venture into collaborations with local or regional suppliers. With the exception of products that thrive on being â€Å"imported† or whose brand is tied to an allure of the originating country back at home, Carrefour should strive towards reception of local brands. Every market has a unique local taste, and it is important to realize the difference between Europe and Singapore that is bombarded with a variety of cultures and food. Distinct, or sometimes completely contrasting tastes, makes it necessary for Carrefour to alter the product assortments, regulate pricing and merchandise in-store differently than the stores in Europe. More Asian brands that are highly popular in Singapore could be brought to the racks, as these products, tested and proven, would ensure sustainable demand followed by promising sales. Besides translating the marketing materials into English and Chinese (the common languages in Singapore), advertising campaigns could tap onto the domestic marketing resources and arouse feelings of reminiscence by reflecting local culture, values and language such as the various dialects and Singapore’s unique slang called â€Å"Singlish†. Events and promotional campaigns suited to the various festive seasons in the multi-cultural Singapore could also be held to boost sales during the occasions celebrated. For example, TV ads could be designed to portray the joy and excitement of shopping in Carrefour during Chinese New Year. Another suggestion would be to encourage customers to voice out their views by giving feedback on products and services. Carrefour has to be open and inviting to suggestions given by the consumers to understand local culture and grasp the need of the local consumers. By flexibly adjusting and improving slowly with the help of the customers, Carrefour would be able to portray a positive and sincere image, which would earn the liking of customers. 3. 3 Invest in the right operation sites Carrefour’s two megastores in Singapore were situated at the Suntec and Plaza Singapura. These two busy and commercialized sites located at central Singapore seemed to promise a large crowd and great business opportunities, but it was also a deterrent for a huge group of potential consumers who were not willing to travel all the way to the central areas where heavy traffic and heavy consumption costs were inevitable. Besides, the rental fees for both locations were so expensive that Carrefour suffered significant financial woes, especially when coupled with the deteriorating sales. The lesson learnt here is to have a detailed and thorough research conducted on all possible locations in the new country penetrated before deciding on the business spots. The research should cover analysis of the target consumers’ population within the potential area, the cost incurred from rental and leasing fees, and not to forget the sales statistics of the nearby businesses in the area considered. Given the capital investment required to open a new store, a location off the beaten path would be a very costly mistake with disappointing results. In this case, IKEA’s successful locations in Singapore could be a reference for Carrefour. As a lifestyle store that requires a lot of space as well, Ikea chose to have its stores situated at two ends of Singapore – Alexandra at West Singapore and Tampines at East Singapore. This ensures that consumers from all over the country are being reached out to. A well-defined real-estate strategy could also be considered for the benefits of the company’s long-term expansion. Research on real estate takes time and guidance by local experts as strategic locations should be spotted and looked into carefully. After studying the locations in Singapore, I would recommend Carrefour to set up its store at IMM, Jurong East. This location is less expensive than sites at the town area and provides a substantial crowd. It would also be able to pull in customers from the neighborhood around with its convenience and reputation. This allows Carrefour to potentially receive higher profit margins, as the rental costs are way lower. 3. 4 Develop responsive local management and consider strategic alliances As could be seen by the lack of efficiency of Carrefour in responding to the market dynamics, it is essential to have a great understanding to the market penetrated. The market expansion strategies implemented may not necessarily have to be tied to the approach used by the parent company at home. My recommendation would be to have a decentralized organizational structure by establishing a strong local management team with the autonomy to make decisions according to the local market trends and consumer phenomenon observed. Carrefour should hire a local team comprising the general manager and support staff, as they are the ones who would easily understand local consumer preferences and how to market to these consumers. To make sure that the business objectives do not alleviate from the parent company too much, expatriates could be sent over to serve as guidance for the operations overseas and linking bridge between Carrefour Singapore and its headquarter in France. Strategic alliances through joint ventures or acquisition also form a major part of my suggestions for Carrefour. Partnerships with local leaders or acquisition of local companies which had been established and operating in the retail market in Singapore would allow Carrefour to the leveraging of many advantages, for example the ability to tap on local contacts, existing business relationships, legal requirements, etc. Mutualism achieved through combined resources, expertise and knowledge would strengthen Carrefour’s operations and competencies, enhance its competitive advantage, minimize possible missteps and pitfalls, timely grasp opportunities and overall increase its confidence in the market. It is also vital to engage the services of knowledgeable and experienced people in the Singapore retail markets. These local experts could assist Carrefour in understanding the genuine cost of managing business operations in Singapore and steer the management past dangerous miscalculations about the true financial opportunity available. Ho Sue Yuin A0088564N

The SDLC Process Essay Example

The SDLC Process Paper Procedures tend to perform actions as with functions these are reusable Classes Part of the object-oriented programming paradigm a class contains both data and functions that describe a real world thing Objects A concrete Instance of a class complete with Its personal data Abstraction of data One of the key principle Ideas behind the creation of classes In data abstraction the ATA type Is less Important than the operations that can preformed on It In a sense the data type Is hidden behind a Limited number of functions method Predefine code Generally a term describing code that is already written and that can be used in a developers solution with permission this may take the form of a compiled module a call to the operating system or a snippet of ready-made code that can be inserted into their solution b) The OSDL process was designed to ensure end-state solutions meet user requirements in support of business strategic goals and objectives. In addition, the OSDL also provides a detail ed guide to help Program Managers with ALL aspects of IT system development, regardless of the system size and scope. The OSDL contains a comprehensive checklist of the rules and regulations governing IT systems, and is one way to ensure system developers comply with all applicable Government regulations, because the consequences of not doing so are high and wide ranging. This is especially true in the post 9/1 1 environment where larger amounts of Information are considered sensitive in nature, and are shared among commercial, International, Federal, state, and local partners. The seven-step process contains a procedural checklist and the systematic progression required to evolve an IT system from conception to disposition. The following descriptions briefly explain each of the seven phases of the OSDL: 1. Conceptual Planning. This phase Is the first step of any systems life cycle. It Is during this phase that a need to acquire or significantly enhance a system Is identified, Its feasibility and costs are assessed, and the risks and various project-planning approaches are defined. We will write a custom essay sample on The SDLC Process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The SDLC Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The SDLC Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Roles and responsibilities for he Asset Manager, Sponsors Representative, System Development Agent (SAD), System Support Agent (ASS), and other parties In OSDL policy are designated during this stage and updated throughout the systems life cycle. 2. Planning and Requirements Definition. This phase begins after the project has been defined and appropriate resources have been committed. The first portion of this phase involves second part is developing initial life cycle management plans, including project planning, project management, Configuration Management (CM), support, operations, and training management. 3. Design. During this phase, functional, support and training requirements are translated into preliminary and detailed designs. Decisions are made to address how the system will meet functional requirements. A preliminary (general) system design, emphasizing the functional features of the system, is produced as a high-level guide. Then a final (detailed) system design is produced that expands the design by specifying all the technical detail needed to develop the system. 4. Development and Testing. During this phase, systems are developed or acquired based on detailed design specifications. The system is litigated through a sequence of unit, integration, performance, system, and acceptance testing. The objective is to ensure that the system functions as expected and that sponsors requirements are satisfied. All system components, communications, applications, procedures, and associated documentation are plopped/acquired, tested, and integrated. This phase requires strong user participation in order to verify thorough testing of all requirements and to meet all business needs. 5. Implementation. During this phase, the new or enhanced system is installed in the production environment, users are trained, data is converted (as added), the system is turned over to the sponsor, and business processes are evaluated. This phase includes efforts required to implement, resolve system problems identified during the implementation process, and plan for statement. 6. Operations and Maintenance. The system becomes operational during this phase. The emphasis during this phase is to ensure that sponsor needs continue to be met and that the system continues to perform according to specifications. Routine hardware and software maintenance and upgrades are performed to ensure effective system operations. User training continues during this phase, as needed, to acquaint new users to the system or to introduce new features to current users. Additional user support is provided, as an ongoing activity, to help resolve reported problems. 7. Disposition. This phase represents the end of the systems life cycle. It provides for the systematic termination of a system to ensure that vital information is preserved for potential future access and/or reactivation. The system, when placed in the Disposition Phase, has been declared surplus and/or obsolete and has been scheduled for shutdown. The emphasis of this phase is to ensure that the system (e. G. , equipment, parts, software, data, procedures, and documentation) is packaged and disposed of in accordance with appropriate regulations and requirements. Each column in the graphic represents an individual phase. The documents in each phase are created and maintained throughout the rest of the development cycles until the final disposition of the project. Although this indicates the process is linear, it is not. It is iterative and once a project is deployed, the management of the project may return to requirements gathering to start all over again.

Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essays

Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essays Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essay Human Development Theory And Social Work Issues Social Work Essay who live individually. Jack Murray was an adoptive kid. He was brought up by parents who were unfastened about his adoptive position and has neer shown any disposition to follow his biological parents. Jack has alcohol related jobs and is prone towards domestic force. Evelyn has been hurt and that excessively severely, in the recent yesteryear. Lora is making good in school and is cared for by Doris, who is nevertheless going frail. She had to be placed in an exigency Foster attention environment during her summer vacations, even as her female parent made usage of a adult females s shelter to get away the troubles of her place. Doris worries about being separated from her granddaughter and household if she were to travel to a attention place. All household members have expressed their willingness to work with a societal worker. Application of Theories of Human Development Erik Erikson s theory of human development was foremost advanced in 1950 and has been significantly augmented in ulterior old ages ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 329 ) . Erikson s psychosocial theory provinces that life can be segregated into 8 phases from birth to decease, which comprise of ( a ) babyhood ( birth to 18 months ) , ( B ) early childhood ( 18 months to 3 old ages ) , ( degree Celsius ) drama age ( 3 to 5 old ages ) , ( vitamin D ) school age ( 5 to 12 old ages ) , ( vitamin E ) adolescence ( 12 to 18 old ages ) , ( degree Fahrenheit ) immature maturity ( 18 to 35 old ages ) , ( g ) middle maturity ( 35 to 55 or 65 old ages ) and ( H ) tardily maturity ( 55 or 65 to decease ) ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 329 ) . Each of Erikson s 8 phases involves a crisis that is characterised by two opposing emotional forces. Infancy, for case, involves trust V misgiving and is characterised by the attention of the female parent for a kid with an accent on touch and ocular contact ( Christiansen A ; Palkovitz, 1998, p 133 ) . Successful passage through this period consequences in persons larning to swear in life and to hold assurance in the hereafter, even as jobs during this period can take to feelings of ineptitude and misgiving ( Christiansen A ; Palkovitz, 1998, p 133 ) . The school age of 6 to 12 old ages is likewise characterised by the opposing forces of industry and lower status ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 331 ) . Persons are capable of acquisition, edifice and accomplishing legion accomplishments and cognition during this period, thereby developing feelings of industry. This phase of development can besides take to the experiencing of feelings of lower status and insufficiency with equals and consequence in jobs of ego regard and competency ( Brenman-Gibson, 1997, p 331 ) . Erikson s doctrine remainders on two of import subjects, viz. ( a ) that the universe enlarges as people go along, and ( B ) that failure is cumulative ( Douvan, 1997, p 16 ) . The first subject is incontestable. Whilst the second is problematic, it is true that kids who have to perforce trade with hard fortunes find it disputing to negociate ulterior phases in their lives in comparing with others ( Douvan, 1997, p 16 ) . Assorted surveies have revealed that kids who were non stroked as babies find it hard to link with others in their maturity. Erikson s theory of human development has gained broad credence and is frequently used as a model for understanding the nature of issues that lead to current behavior and to fix for the coming phases ( Douvan, 1997, p 16 ) . The analysis of the Murray household members reveal that Jack Murray could hold suffered from deficiency of stroking in his babyhood, particularly up to his acceptance at the age of 6 months. This could hold resulted in entrenched feelings of ineptitude and inclinations to distrust the universe. Such feelings, along with his experience of turning up as an adoptive kid, may hold inculcated feelings of low ego regard and be causal in his current imbibing jobs. Whilst Lora has grown up in the presence of fond parents and a loving grandma, she is now come ining the school age and the coming 6 old ages will enlarge her contact with the universe, where parents whilst still of import will non be the complete governments they have been until decease. The application of Erikson s theory of human development helps societal workers in understanding the assorted influences that persons experience in the class of their lives and the functions of such influences in steering their current behavior and their emotional and societal attitudes ( Raeff A ; Benson, 2003, p 61 ) . Bronfenbrenner s ecological theoretical account was foremost introduced in the early 1970s. His general ecological theoretical account is defined by 2 propositions ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . The first proposition provinces that human development, specifically in the early stages but besides throughout life, occurs through procedures that increasingly become more complex and affect mutual interaction between active and germinating worlds, who are bio-psychological in their attack, and the people, objects, and symbols in their immediate environment ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . Such interaction, when it occurs over drawn-out clip periods, on a regular footing are termed as proximal procedures and can be found in activities between parent and kids, kids and kids, and lone or group drama, every bit good as in reading, acquiring to cognize new accomplishments and executing complex and hard undertakings ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . The 2nd proposition provinces that the power, content, signifier and way of these proximal procedures influence development in a varying mode on history of the features of developing persons ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . Such development is besides influenced by the environment in which such procedures take topographic point and the nature of development results that are under survey. The female parent infant interaction, ( an of import proximal procedure ) emerges as an of import forecaster of developmental results ( Brendtro, 2006, p 162 ) . Bronfenbrenner s theory defines 4 different types of systems, viz. the Micro system, the Meso system, the Exo system and the Macro system, which shape human development ( Austrian, 2002, p 43 ) . The Micro system comprises of the household, schoolrooms and schools, and other systems in the proximal environment in which people operate. The Meso system represents the interaction of two micro systems, like the connexion between the place and the school of a kid ( Austrian, 2002, p 43 ) . The Exo system represents the environment that is external to the experience of an person and in which his or her engagement is indirect, but which effects development, all the same. The workplace of the parents of a kid is a relevant illustration of an Exo system. The Macro system represents the larger cultural context ( Austrian, 2002, p 43 ) . Bronfenbrenner s theory perceives the environment of a kid in footings of quality and context and efforts to explicate differences between the cognition, development and accomplishments of persons through the construction, support and counsel of the societies in which they exist ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . He states that interaction between over lapping eco systems affect people significantly. Applying Bronfenbrenner s theory to the Murray household, it can be seen that Lora s household and schoolrooms can be called the micro systems, which straight influence her working and development ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . When these two micro systems start working together to educate Lora, such instruction occurs through the Meso system. The society and civilization in which Lora is being raised provides the underlying influence to these systems and is termed the Macro system. The comprehension of interaction of these systems helps in understanding the manner in which kids develop and the factors that influence failure and success ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . Analysis of assorted micro and macro systems can assist societal workers significantly in understanding the assorted influences that shape the development of kids. Research workers have in fact specifically found the significance of macro systems to be causal to general depression and feelings of low ego regard in persons ( Ahuja, 2006, p 3 ) . The application of Bronfenbrenner s theory in the Murray household scenario enables the development of greater apprehension on the influences of different micro and Macro systems on the development of Lora in her school age and can assist societal workers to follow appropriate intercession methods. Role of Political and Social Processes on Human Development Whilst there is small uncertainty that the development of persons is mostly shaped by their place and school environments, sociological theory besides places important emphasis on the influence of larger society on such development ( Grusec A ; Hastings, 2008, p 42 ) . All persons grow up in specific political, cultural and societal environments that shape their attitudes and behaviors and act upon their development in specific ways. The peculiar societies in which people live are place to different types of spiritual, cultural and societal attitudes, prejudices and beliefs ( Grusec A ; Hastings, 2008, p 42 ) . Such political and societal procedures provide persons with the agencies to take part within their ain society, which itself contains shared imposts, norms, traditions, values and societal functions ( Grusec A ; Hastings, 2008, p 42 ) . These procedures are basically life long, get downing in childhood and go oning till decease. Both Erikson and Bronfenbrenner s theories de al with the procedure of socialization but through different positions Such socialization occurs through the influence of the household, faith, schools and equal groups, workplaces and the larger community ( Berns, 2009, p 131 ) . These procedures are besides influenced by local media and political idea. Children and immature grownups are significantly influenced by their equals. Such influences can frequently be negative and consequence in substance maltreatment, premature sexual activity and the demand to populate up to incorrect outlooks ( Berns, 2009, p 131 ) . Mass media plays an huge function in act uponing human development. The changeless exposure of kids to hex, sexual satisfaction and force can act upon the development of kids and immature grownups in assorted ways ( Berns, 2009, p 131 ) . With respect to the Murray household, it can good be understood that the personal development of all concerned persons is likely to be influenced by different political and societal procedures. The continuation of domestic force at place can take to feelings of hurt in Lora, particularly when she compares her domestic environment to that of her friends, and do her to wish to switch to a more peaceable environment. Such socialization procedures can furthermore leads to feelings of shame about her background and low ego regard, take her to eschew her household and take consolation in her equals and flicker of hooky player and delinquent behavior. Impact of Inequalities on Human Development Social work theory and knowledge chiefly aims to decrease and extinguish the impact of inequalities on the lives of persons ( Neckerman, 2004, p 189 ) . Inequalities can originate on history of assorted factors like income, instruction, gender and cultural position. Such inequalities basically serve to cut down surplus of affected people to assorted installations and cut down the chances of their life results and their opportunities to take normal and enriching lives, inequalities in income can for illustration deprive the kids of such households from assorted educational and other installations and badly decrease their life results ( Neckerman, 2004, p 189 ) . Such inequalities can besides bring forth feelings of low regard and consequence in suboptimal public presentation in and out of school during childhood and in the workplace in big life. Numerous surveies have revealed that kids with ill educated parents receive significantly lesser educational nutriment and support at place, which in bend affects their cognitive development and adversely influences their public presentation at school ( Marger, 2004, p 86 ) . Lora the 6 twelvemonth old Murray kid has until now done really good in school. The disturbed domestic state of affairs in her house, particularly the gender inequality between her parents and the domestic force faced by her female parent can good ensue in poorer educational support at place, particularly when she is traveling into the acquisition phase and needs it the most. Gender inequality has been widely accepted to be an of import factor in the unequal life opportunities offered to work forces and adult females of societies across the universe and has resulted in unequal development and life opportunities of the two sexes ( Marger, 2004, p 86 ) . Influence of Human Development Theories on Social Work Knowledge and Values Theories of human development aid in determining the thoughts of readers on the kernel of human behavior ( Austrian, 2002, p 56 ) . It expands the apprehension of persons of the range, the possible and complexness of human map. Whilst bookmans of human development do non hold on or back a individual theory, many of these theories provide new positions for the observation and reading of human behavior ( Austrian, 2002, p 56 ) . Piaget s theory of cognitive development has resulted in a new grasp for the ways in which kids construct sense and intending out of their experiences ( Raeff A ; Benson, 2003, p 81 ) . Erikson s psychosocial theory high spots the construct of individuality, even as the societal acquisition theory of Bandura has resulted in the widespread usage of patterning to imitate conditions under which kids increase their acquisition by detecting and copying the behavior of others ( Raeff A ; Benson, 2003, p 81 ) . The societal work profession draws extensively on theor ies of human development for understanding the behavior of persons, with specific respect to the causal influences of such behavior. An apprehension of such theories non merely enables societal workers to understand the causes for human behavior but besides helps them to be after appropriate intercessions to better the societal, emotional and economic conditions of people ( Raeff A ; Benson, 2003, p 81 ) . It helps societal workers to understand the dynamic interaction that takes topographic point among human existences and the impact of societal systems upon the lives of people. A greater apprehension of such theories besides helps societal workers in appreciating human diverseness, every bit good as the impact of different actions in assisting human existences to entree chances and services that foster realization of societal and economic justness ( Austrian, 2002, p 56 ) . Decisions

China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

China - Essay Example country was changing.  Radical restructuring of the economy has become an objective necessity â€Å"since the 1970s when they started shifting to a postindustrial service-based economic structure (in part as a reaction to earlier oil price shocks in the 1970s).†Ã‚  (Winters and Yusuf 150). Beginning late in 1978, the reform was fully developed after the XII Congress of the Chinese Communist Party  (1982) and strengthened its position as a result of the decisions of the XIV Congress (1992).  Important milestones were the XIII Congress (1987), which gave a detailed interpretation of the initial stage of socialism theory and the XIV Congress, which decided that the reform is to create a socialist market economic system with Chinese specifics. The main objective in the domestic politics of China became the recovery of productive forces through a set of market type economic reforms.  Strategically far-sighted was the decision of the Chinese leaders about gradual implementation of reforms, taking into account national specifics, according to folk wisdom - Crossing the River by Feeling for Stones. In 1979 – 1983, the interim target of the reform was to complement the command economy, which was still predominant, with market regulations under state control.  Practice of the transformations’ start-up phase included expansion of enterprises’ economic independence, creation of special economic zones, recovery of individual and collective structures in the economy, the first attempts to introduce market principles in pricing and sales of engineering products and household goods which had no ratios.  The biggest breakthrough was the elimination of the former ineffective system of rural people’s co mmunes. The new economic model included the following: 1) complete economic independence of enterprises; 2) replacement of directive planning by guiding; 3) free, under state regulatory functions, buy and sell of consumer goods and means of production; 4) creation of the

Political Paper from 1930-1939 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Political Paper from 1930-1939 - Essay Example There were two federal elections held in the 1930’s and there was a change in government in each election. (Linteau 93). The 1930 election between Prime Minister Mackenzie King’s liberal government and R.B. Bennett, the new conservative leader (Linteau 90) was the precursor to change that was rapidly approaching Quebec. There were very different platforms from each candidate; Bennett based his campaign on finding ways to fight the depression. Bennett promised to bring relief to the unemployed and increase exports (Linteau 1991) leading Bennett’s Conservative victory. King’s Liberal party showed no preparation or awareness of how serious the upcoming election was, appearing â€Å"ill prepared to deal with more increasingly difficult circumstances† (Linteau 1991). The victory was short lived however, as the immense scope of the economic problems of the Depression were more than his government seems equipped to handle. His failure to bring about the solutions he had promised made him an unpopular scapegoat. In 1932 he formed the Relief Act which was meant to help people who we re unemployed by providing grants for municipal works projects. During the 1930’s there were a number of new parties formed. The older more established parties, such as the Liberals who had been in power since 1897 appeared to be old and stagnant. 1932 brought the formation of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) a democratic socialist party. It gained supporters nationwide, but Quebec did not seem to favor the party (Linteau 1991). Another party that fared better in Quebec was the ALN, or Action Liberale Nationale. It grew out of the younger activists of the liberal party. Their program was supported by pressure groups and youth movements toward the social doctrine of the church (Linteau 1991). They were encouraged and inspired by the ideas of the Programme de Restauration Sociale

Ways Groups of People Are Identified Essay Example for Free

Ways Groups of People Are Identified Essay 1. What are some of the ways groups of people are identified? There are many ways that a group of people can be identified but the four criteria for classifying minority groups are race, ethnicity, religion, and gender. Race is mainly determined by the color of someone’s skin, hair (in some instances eyes), height, and bone structure of the human body: big head, narrow eyes, tall short. Ethnicity is determined by where you were born and raised and what cultural patterns. Religion and is determined by what your beliefs and religious group you are a part of. Gender is determined easily enough but it does matters if you are male or female for the fact that each is treated differently. Males seem to have it easy most of the time and woman are always treated as though they are weaker. These four criteria’s are the main ones but there are so many more such as age, disability status, physical appearance, and sexual orientation they all are used to group people. There is always another factor that is sometimes over looked and that is our appearance; skinny, fat and even what we wear are we well dressed and clean all of the time or are we in regular day to day clothes or are we dressed in rags torn, ripped and dirty clothing. Also there is the money factor how much does one have or don’t have to many people the money factor matters most people like to know that they know people with money. Are these people wealthy with more money than they will every need or do they just have enough or do they struggle or worse yet do they not have anything leaving them going from home to home or street to street or going to government and privet programs for help. 2. Why do people label and group other people? I have thought about this question and it made me realize that not only do people label and group other people but we also label ourselves putting ourselves in categories that please us. Plus it gives us our sense of belonging to something that most people â€Å"need† to feel. Getting back to the question; I think it is something that we all do whether we realize it or not. Labeling and grouping help people to determine who we should or who we should not interact with. It helps people and sometimes it does just the opposite and destroys people it’s like having a power a power to have some control over other people. I can almost see it in another time a man running through the streets with a label machine placing labels on everyone’s forehead yelling â€Å"You are who I say you are! † Scary thought! We constantly label people in a negative light due to difference of opinion due to religion, political view, sexual preference, parenting method you name it we do it, even children do this and it is not done intentionally they were not taught this, too me it almost seems like it is a defense mechanism keeping themselves even ourselves safe from what we may consider to be harmful. In the end people are just that â€Å"people† we are nothing more and nothing less. People label others either to feel empowered or to praise someone but in the end we are Human Beings and that is it. We may think and act differently but we are what we are and if people could just except that then the future might not ever have to deal with the positive and mainly the negative effects that come with being labeled and tossed into a group that was thought up by others. Resources Schaefer, R. T. (2012). (Ch. 1 2) Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Unlocking the Secrets of the Universe Essay -- essays research papers

Unlocking the Secrets of the Universe Increasing our knowledge of Physics, using the scientific method to make observations and test hypotheses is essential to unlocking the secrets of the universe. Energy is one of the most fundamental elements of the universe. Throughout history, man has endeavored to expose, understand, and explain how and why things work. This drive to expand our understanding eventually led to the development of the scientific method and what is commonly considered to be the king of the sciences, Physics. The effects of energy on the physical world are of great interest to Physicists. The scientific method was developed during the seventeenth century. It is based on collaborative efforts of the great scientists and mathematicians who lived during that period such as Francis Bacon, Galileo Galilee, Johannes Kepler, and Rene’ Descartes. These men realized that true knowledge must be based on empirical observation and verified by experimentation. Recently, physicists have been searching for a un ifying theory to bring all of the fields of Physics together under a single umbrella theory expressed as a short equation. This so called unifying field theory will usher in a new era in physics and greatly increase our understanding of the workings of the universe Physics is the king of science, and Sir Issac Newton is the king of Physics. Physics deals with matter, motion, force, and energy. In order to understand motion, one needs to look no further the Sir Issac Newton. Newton’s studies eventually led to the development of three distinct, but related theories dealing with velocity, acceleration, inertia, friction and momentum, these theories are so widely accepted that they are commonly called â€Å"Newton’s Three Laws of Motion.† These laws, after almost three hundred years of testing and scrutiny, remain as fundamental principles governing the world we live in. By increasing our understanding of energy and the laws governing it, Newton’s laws have dramatically changed our world and promise to continue to change it in the years to come. Newton’s first law states that if the vector sum of the forces acting on an object is zero, then the object will remain at rest or remain moving at constant velocity. This means that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by a net force. It also means that an object in motion will rem ain in moti... ... http://www.safetyline.wa.gov.au/institute/level2/course15/lecture92/l92_01.asp â€Å"OVERVIEW† This site is basically just a lecture that explains the structure and naming of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds in a basic manner. The site has some information on organic chemistry, which are synthetic carbon chemicals which are grouped with the natural ones. The site also has information about which organic compounds are used in our everyday life. (5) http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/bonding/benzene2.html â€Å"BONDING IN BENZENE† Jim Clark maintains this site. In order to have a good understanding of this site, it is a good idea if you have knowledge about the bonding in methane, and the bonding in ethene. This site has real good information on how benzene is built and the benzene ring. (6) http://members.aol.com/profchm/con_isom.html â€Å"How do you go about determining Constitutional Isomers of a Molecular Formula?† R.H.Logan maintains this site. This site lets you know that Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula. The site also shows you how to you can find out if you have equivalent isomers and what an isopropyl branch is. This is a dull site, but pretty informative.

The negative implication of a male nursing stereotype in the profession

Nursing as profession involves the provision of care and support to the sickly, elderly, and the suffering. It is perhaps due to the nature of roles and duties nurses are assigned to in the health care settings that make the profession has become a victim of stereotypes. It is estimated that, over 5. 0% of the registered nurses working in the US are males. Stereotypes can be defined as the generalized perceptions and beliefs which people have about others as well towards objects or issues usually resulting into distortion or simplification of the fact. It can be manifested in the way people react to different situations, as well as towards situations and stimuli. Traditionally in the US, nursing had been a white female dominated profession and any males practicing as a nurse until very recently were considered as impostors and misguided (Bachman, & Panzarine, 1998). This situation worsens depending on the ethnic back ground of the few practicing nurses. Sources of stereotypes differ widely depending on the underlying circumstances but usually they are from the way society was cultured into viewing nursing as a females’ only profession. The stereotypes have a deep root in tradition whereby some roles in the society especially those related to offering care were demarcated for females while those perceived to be hard would be allocated for males (Doona, 1986). Other possible reasons include the kind of skills involved, usually jobs involving skills seen as soft skills in the society call for females and therefore the society naturally expects such tasks as care provision to be taken over by women while all tasks deemed as hard and involving lots skills are deemed as suitable for males (Pursey, & Luker, 1995). The stereotypes in male nursing have had great adverse effects on the profession as discussed following chapters. Denial of equal opportunity to promotion. Due to the stereotyping, males in some quarters have continued to suffer due to lack of recognition when it comes to promotions at work. Even when there are vacancies, males suffer and chances of females filing up those vacancies are usually higher than for men. That is usually is correlated with the existing stereotypes. Discrimination and harassment. Males in the nursing profession are more likely to be discriminated upon due to the fact that they are usually fewer than their female counterparts and therefore do not have the bargaining power. This is worsened by the fact that, the senior management may be entirely comprised of females something which makes it hard for the males to successfully agitate for equal treatment at work. In some cases, actually harassment as well as physical and verbal abuse has been reported. These affect the morale of the male nurses and it is a leading cause of males shunning the profession. Due to stereotypes, males continues to shun the profession thus denying the profession diversification of skills base as well as the opportunity for recruiting self motivated staff. Research has proved that, in fields where a balance in gender exists, there are more likely to be recorded higher incidences of job satisfaction. Nurse shortage. The acute nurse shortage being experienced in the US has to some degree been caused by the stereotypes which make the nursing a predominant female profession. As a result, over half of the population is shut out from the field. Effectively the profession is left with one option of sourcing from only about a half is of the population. This has greatly affected the ability of the profession to meet the public demand of nursing services leading to the government hiring from other countries. Low morale and motivation of practicing male nurses. The stereotypes have contributed low morale amongst male staff. This in turn has had negative effects on the overall job in that less motivated staff is less likely to deliver objectively in their jobs. On the other hand, low morale and lack of motivation amongst male nurses could have a bearing on the number of new males joining the profession since more males than females are likely to learn from the experience of their colleagues and shy away. On the other hand stereotypes make the male nurses to quit the profession for more accommodating professions. This in turn results to shortage of nurses. Conclusion A lot of efforts have so far been initiated to address the above problem but there is still a need for fresh approaches. Possible solutions to the problem of male nurses’ stereotypes should involve the initiation of public awareness programs aimed at educating the society on the needs for an integrated nursing profession in terms of gender balance. There is also a need of career counselors to work towards eliminating the stereotyping of nursing as a female only profession. In practice, there is a need for health care practitioners to shun the habit of overlooking the contribution of male nurses for how the latter are treated could affect how potential male nurses would view the profession. Finally there is a need for more females to take into male dominated fields as this would shun the stereotyping of some professions as females fields and others as males fields.

Rape And Its Effect On Society Essay - 1416 Words

Rape is a feeling like no other. Although, rape has a different definition for everybody, I define rape as any form of penetration i.e. penis, digits, or foreign object into the mouth, vagina or anal cavity without consent. The unwanted penetration of a woman or mans sexual organ by another person with any object is an intrusion and violation of the victims rights. There really is no way to prove or disprove my claim because the definition of rape, still today is up to the state that it occurs in. Rape is a very strong word and should not be used or taken lightly. Definitions of rape vary from state to state and defining rape as a whole has been an ongoing problem for states and lawyers. Rape changes a person on the outside, but the affect on the inside is usually greater. The individual who has been taken advantage of feels terror, pain, and insecurity. The reason I know this is because of my personal experience with this topic. I am a victim. I have been abused in a way nobody shou ld ever feel. Yes, the pain is still there but I am overcoming it daily. Rape is something most people overlook or try to dismiss because of the complicated nature, but it is a subject that needs to be heard. According to California Penal Code Section 261 (general definition of non-spousal rape) the law states that penetration with the penis must occur for it to be classified as rape. A most recent case coming out of California is the People v. Turner, formerly known as The People of The StateShow MoreRelatedRape And Its Effect On Society1561 Words   |  7 Pagesunacceptable to society as a whole. The meaning of being raped is where the rapist forces sex upon their victim of the rapists choosing. Rape is a type of sexual behavior that is considered a deviant act that is unacceptable to society. At least, unacceptable in the United States since committing this type of criminal deviant act could result in being arrested if caught. Being the victim of this deviant act can happen to anyone, at any age all around the world. The deviant individual that rapes their victimRead MoreRape And Its Effects On Society Essay2317 Words   |  10 PagesRape is a topic that has been well discussed in to day’s society, as well as throughout history. Rape tends to be defined or categorized as many different things. Campus rape is an increasingly apparent issue, in which there have been several different methods of action taken to help reduce the risk. Even though rape is one of those things that we will never be able to be put to an end to completely, there are ways to fight it and bring awareness to it. A great example of campus rape I will use inRead MoreRape And Its Effect On Society2136 Words   |  9 Pagesbehavior of rape. Unbeknownst to many, it is an epidemic in the U.S. military and unfortunately, very few steps are being taken to combat this enormous issue. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, rape is defined as forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion as well as physical force. Forced sexual intercourse means penetration by the offender(s). It includes attempted rapes of male, as well as female, victims, and both heterosexual and homosexual rape.† Therefore,Read MoreThe Effects Of Rape On Women And Society1608 Words   |  7 PagesHoward ENC1101 (155691) 11/13/15 ​​​​Impacts of Rape Rape is when a person is forced into sex and does not agree to it. Almost, two-thirds of America’s rape victims know their attacker. According to rccmsc.org, the closer the relationship is, between the victim and the attacker; the greater the likelihood that the incident will not be reported.Rape happens every 107 seconds in The United States of America. Rape has a major impact on women, society and the community, some things that women sufferRead MoreRape Culture And Its Effect On Society1532 Words   |  7 PagesRape culture is all around us; it lurks in advertisement, television shows, and movies, it’s even in our language objectifying women’s bodies. Rape culture is defined as â€Å"an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture† (marshall.edu). Something to keep in mind, the term is called â€Å"rape culture† for a reason. â€Å"Culture† i s defined in anthropological terms as learned behaviors that are passed on from generationRead MoreRape Culture And Its Effect On Society Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesRape Culture is Internalized in Our Society Society has normalized rape culture. In our society, victims of sexual assault are blamed for their own assault, while those that assaulted them are often given reassuring words. However, in our society, rapists are often times excused for their actions while actual victims of sexual assault are scrutinized. Rape culture is internalized in our society from a young age through the normalization of sexualizing women, the excusing of rapists and the blamingRead MoreRape Culture And Its Effect On Society2129 Words   |  9 PagesThe term ‘rape culture’ was coined by feminists in the United States in 1970. The term itself was designed to illustrate the ways in which society blamed victims of sexual assault, and how the normalization of male sexual violence was acceptable. Rape culture can stem from the acceptance of rape as a daily occurrence, manifested as a male prerogative. There is a hesitation by the authorities to go against the patriarchal cultural norms, hence linkin g nonconsensual sex to the cultural dispositionRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Rape Culture in Modern Society 1107 Words   |  5 Pagesfreedom of expression, statistics show rape and sexual assault numbers have risen due to the presence of rape culture in modern society. Rape culture promotes more assaults and violent acts, not only towards women but also towards men. Some evidence rape culture is present in today’s society are rising statistics showing that only three out of a hundred rapists see jail time and that over 17 million American women are victims of sexual assault every year. Rape culture is seen in every aspect of dailyRead MoreRape Culture And Rape Myths1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom getting raped. In this paper, I will discuss how living in a rape culture affects women and men, how does rape myths affect society and how we can change the negative effects of living in a rape culture and rape myths. In order to understand this, we must first define what r ape is. Rape is unwanted sexual attentions or actions that are directed to a person. Rape can happen to anyone but it is most common to happen women. Rape happens to women around the ages of 16-24 and it is â€Å"considered toRead MoreThe Research Phase Of This English Essay Consisted Of Many1740 Words   |  7 Pagesramifications of date rape, more in depth, the effects it has on the victims. I have had very little personal experience with this topic, as I have never experienced date rape firsthand, but I have been educated on the topic. During the summer, there was a sexual assault course called Haven that was a requirement for every student at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. This course contained information about rape, sexual assault, and the ways drugs can be used to rape people. After learning